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  • Validation of a radial diffusive sampler for measuring occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene.

Validation of a radial diffusive sampler for measuring occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene.

Journal of chromatography. A (2014-03-08)
Mariella Carrieri, Giovanni B Bartolucci, Enrico Paci, Paolo Sacco, Daniela Pigini, Laura Zaratin, Danilo Cottica, Maria L Scapellato, Giovanna Tranfo
ABSTRACT

1,3-Butadiene (BD) is a major industrial chemical used in the manufacture of rubbers and latexes; it is also a ubiquitous environmental pollutant whose major source is traffic. Occupational exposure to (BD) can occur both during its production and during its use as a raw material. The objective of the study was the laboratory and field validation of a new diffusive sampler for BD. The nominal sampling rate of the Radiello diffusive sampler filled with Carbopack X is 30.5 cm(3)/min, at 0.177 mg/m(3), 20 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH), for an 8-h exposure time. A model can be used for calculating the sampling rate as a function of temperature, time and RH. The concentration does not affect the sampling rate above 30 μg/m(3). The measurement uncertainty (k=2), calculated both by laboratory data and by field comparison according to International Standard Organization (ISO) 13752, satisfies the EN 482:2006 requirement for measurements between 0.1 and 0.5 times the threshold limit value-time weighted average (TLV-TWA) (uncertainty<50%). For field validation study, 38 workers exposed to BD and 20 administrative employees, as the control group, underwent environmental and biological monitoring. Personal exposure to BD was measured by diffusive samplers (Radiello) in comparison with active samplers. The BD exposure levels detected for the exposed subjects were low (mean 0.059, range <0.010-1.340 mg/m(3)) but higher than the controls levels, all below 0.010 mg/m(3). The comparison between diffusive and active (pumped) air sampling showed a good correlation, with no systematic deviation from the ideal values of the intercept and slope of the optimized regression line. The concentrations of two biomarkers were also determined on urine samples, collected at the end of the work-shift: unchanged BD, by GC-MS, and the metabolite dihydroxybutylmercapturic acid (DHBMA), by HPLC-MS/MS. The urinary excretion of the biomarkers was on average higher in the exposed group (urinary BD: mean 8.8, range <1-48.1 ng/l; DHBMA: mean 0.232, range 0.016-0.572 mg/l) than in controls (urinary BD: mean 6.4, range 2.6-14.5 ng/l; DHBMA: mean 0.205, range 0.037-0.602 mg/l), but a statistically significant difference was achieved only for unchanged BD and not for DHBMA. In conclusion, the environmental monitoring measured by diffusive samplers (Radiello) appears to be a reliable method for the assessment of exposure to low levels of airborne BD and a convenient alternative to the conventional active sampling.

MATERIALS
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Supelco
Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack X, 60-80 mesh, bottle of 10 g
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Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack X, 120-400 mesh, bottle of 50 g
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Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack X, 40-60 mesh, bottle of 10 g
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Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack C, 80-100 mesh, bottle of 10 g
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Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack C, 60-80 mesh, bottle of 10 g
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radiello Empty Storage Tubes, glass (with stopper), volume 2.8 mL, pk of 100
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radiello Diffusive Bodies, yellow, configured for reduced sampling rates, pk of 20
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radiello Diffusive Bodies, blue, configured for sampling light sensitive compounds, pk of 20
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Supelco
radiello BTEX Calibration Kit (CS2 Desorption)
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radiello BTEX Calibration Kit (Thermal Desorption)
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radiello Clips, suspending Radiello triangular support plate, pk of 20
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radiello Diffusive Bodies, white, configured for general use, pk of 20
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Carbopack B, stainless steel TD tube, O.D. × L 1/4 × 3 1/2, unconditioned, pkg of 10 ea
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50 mg
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radiello Filtration Kit, pk of 20
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radiello BTEX/VOC Starter Kit, CS2 Desorption
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radiello Aldehyde Calibration Standard, 50 μg/mL each component in acetonitrile, pkg of 10 mL
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radiello Methylene Blue Calibration Standard for H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide), pkg of 100 mL
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radiello 1,3-Butadiene Starter Kit, Thermal Desorption, pkg of 1 kit (2 RAD141 adsorbing cartridges and barcode labels, 1 RAD1202 yellow diffusive body, 1 RAD121 triangular support plate, 1 instruction sheet)
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FLM Carbopack X Deactivated Stainless Steel TD Tube, preconditioned, pkg of 10 tubes, O.D. × L 1/4 in. (6.35 mm) × 3 1/2 in. (89 mm)
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Carbopack Adsorbent, matrix Carbopack B, 60-80 mesh, bottle of 10 g
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radiello Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Ammonia (NH3), matrix microporous PE impregnated with phosphoric acid, pk of 20
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radiello Outdoor Shelter, pk of 10
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radiello Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling BTEX and VOCs (CS2 Desorption), matrix SS net (100 mesh, 5.8 mm diam.), activated with activated charcoal (30-50 mesh), pk of 20
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radiello Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL®, pk of 20
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radiello Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling BTEX and VOCs (thermal desorption), matrix SS net (3 x 8 μm, 4.8 mm diam.), Carbograph, pk of 20
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radiello Triangular Support Plate, pk of 20
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radiello Vertical Adapter, threaded for standard use, pk of 20
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radiello Barcode Labels, pk of 198
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Carbopack X, glass TD tube, fritted, O.D. × L 1/4 in. × 3 1/2 in., preconditioned, pkg of 10 ea
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