Inhibition of SND1 overcomes chemoresistance in bladder cancer cells by promoting ferroptosis.

Chemotherapy remains one of the most important adjuvant treatments for bladder cancer (BC). However, similar to other malignancies, BC is prone to chemotherapy resistance and only approximately half of muscle‑invasive patients with BC respond to chemotherapy. The present study aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying chemoresistance in BC cells. Cell viabilities were assessed by CCK‑8 assay. The differentiated expression of genes in chemoresistant and their parental BC cells were examined by RNA sequencing. Cell death was determined by flow cytometry. Different cell death inhibitors were used to determine the types of cell death. Levels of reactive oxygen species, iron, glutathione and malondialdehyde were assessed using the corresponding commercial kits. ChIP and dual luciferase activity assays were performed to investigate the interaction between staphylococcal nuclease and tumour domain containing 1 (SND1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA. RNAi was used to knockdown SND1 or GPX4. The results revealed that SND1 in BC cells were insensitive to cisplatin, and inhibition of SND1 overcame this resistance. Silencing of SND1 enhanced cell death induced by cisplatin by promoting ferroptosis in BC cells. Mechanistically, SND1 was revealed to bind to the 3'UTR region of GPX4 mRNA and stabilise it. Knockdown of GPX4 could also overcome chemoresistance, and overexpressing GPX4 reversed the effects of silencing of GPX4 on the chemosensitivity of BC cells. Thus, targeting the SND1‑GPX4 axis may be a potential strategy to overcome chemoresistance in BC cells.