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Neuroinflammation Biomarker Immunoassays
Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation Immunoassays
The Role of Immunoassays in Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation Research
Neuroinflammation plays a key role in the chronic processes of neurodegenerative diseases resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury. Inflammation is associated with disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Elevated pro-inflammatory markers in the aging brain can increase the risk for cognitive impairment and the development of neurodegenerative disease.
We offer MILLIPLEX® multiplex assays for the Luminex® instrument platform and high sensitivity SMC® assays for the SMCxPRO® instrument platform to meet the needs of neuroscience researchers. These immunoassay tools enable scientists to explore neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation by monitoring biomarkers in advance of neurodegenerative disease onset, during chronic disease, and during potential therapeutic treatments to slow disease progression.
Figure 1.Concentration of MILLIPLEX® Human Panel A analytes in neurodegenerative disease samples. CSF samples were compared between healthy controls (n=9), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) samples (n=10), and AD samples (n=13). **p < 0.005 ***p > 0.0005.
Cytokine Analysis in Neurodegenerative Disease
Quantitating cytokine and chemokine markers of neuroinflammation and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), serum/plasma, cell culture, and tissue lysate samples allow researchers to study disease progression associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neuroinflammation may play a role in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting the utility of broadly profiling cytokines in CSF samples. The MILLIPLEX® Human Cytokine/Chemokine/Growth Factor Panel A and Panel B enable multiplexing of many types of bioassays reducing time, labor, and costs over traditional methods.
Ultrasensitive Analysis of Neurodegenerative Disease Biomarkers
The need for blood-based biomarkers of AD has driven a continuous search for novel candidates. However, the identification of blood-based biomarkers may be limited by the sensitivity of standard immunoassay methodologies. High sensitivity immunoassay technologies, such as SMC® technology, can transform neurodegenerative disease research by enabling the measurement of low-abundant proteins in a variety of biofluids and create opportunities for the identification of novel biomarkers.
Figure 2.CSF measurement of AD biomarkers. Analysis of control and AD CSF samples with each SMC® kit (SMC® Phospho-Tau (T181) Kit, SMC® Total Tau Kit, SMC® TDP-43 Kit, SMC® SNAP-25 Kit) revealed statistically significant differences in phosphorylated Tau T181 (p<0.02), total Tau (p<0.03), TDP-43 (p<0.01), and SNAP-25 (p<0.02).
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