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Palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation reactions.

ChemSusChem (2013-01-12)
Xiao-Feng Wu, Helfried Neumann, Matthias Beller
ABSTRACT

Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions have become a powerful tool for advanced organic synthesis. This type of reaction is of significant value for the preparation of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, as well as advanced materials. Both, academic as well as industrial laboratories continuously investigate new applications of the different methodologies. Clearly, this area constitutes one of the major topics in homogeneous catalysis and organic synthesis. Among the different palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, several carbonylations have been developed and widely used in organic syntheses and are even applied in the pharmaceutical industry on ton-scale. Furthermore, methodologies such as the carbonylative Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions allow for the preparation of interesting building blocks, which can be easily refined further on. Although carbonylative coupling reactions of aryl halides have been well established, palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation reactions are also interesting. Compared with the reactions of aryl halides, oxidative carbonylation reactions offer an interesting pathway. The oxidative addition step could be potentially avoided in oxidative reactions, but only few reviews exist in this area. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent development in the oxidative carbonylation reactions.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, nanopowder, <25 nm particle size (TEM), ≥99.5%
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, powder, <75 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, powder or granules, 99.99% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, powder, 99.995% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, wire, diam. 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, sponge, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Palladium, evaporation slug, diam. × L 0.6 cm × 0.6 cm, 99.95% trace metals basis
Palladium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.075mm, as rolled, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.95%
Palladium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.03mm, as rolled, 99.95%
Palladium, rod, 25mm, diameter 6.0mm, 99.95%
Palladium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.9%
Palladium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Palladium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.95%
Palladium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.95%
Palladium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.95%
Palladium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.5μm, specific density 303.4μg/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.99%
Palladium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.95%
Palladium, rod, 50mm, diameter 2.0mm, 99.95%