How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

How aluminum, an intracellular ROS generator promotes hepatic and neurological diseases: the metabolic tale.

Cell biology and toxicology (2013-03-07)

Sungwon Han, Joseph Lemire, Varun P Appanna, Christopher Auger, Zachary Castonguay, Vasu D Appanna

ABSTRACT

Metal pollutants are a global health risk due to their ability to contribute to a variety of diseases. Aluminum (Al), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant is implicated in anemia, osteomalacia, hepatic disorder, and neurological disorder. In this review, we outline how this intracellular generator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers a metabolic shift towards lipogenesis in astrocytes and hepatocytes. This Al-evoked phenomenon is coupled to diminished mitochondrial activity, anerobiosis, and the channeling of α-ketoacids towards anti-oxidant defense. The resulting metabolic reconfiguration leads to fat accumulation and a reduction in ATP synthesis, characteristics that are common to numerous medical disorders. Hence, the ability of Al toxicity to create an oxidative environment promotes dysfunctional metabolic processes in astrocytes and hepatocytes. These molecular events triggered by Al-induced ROS production are the potential mediators of brain and liver disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

GF87322002

Aluminum, wire reel, 70m, diameter 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF10973550

Aluminum, wire reel, 50m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF86639811

Aluminum, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.99+%

GF06754013

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 15.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF29732496

Aluminum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF52283404

Aluminum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 0.6mm, inside diameter 0.3mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF35425009

Aluminum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.30mm, inside diameter 0.2mm, wall thickness 0.05mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF52964006

Aluminum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.96mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.28mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF64700524

Aluminum, rod, 1000mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF11843344

Aluminum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 0.6mm, inside diameter 0.3mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF63629219

Aluminum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.42mm, inside diameter 1.166mm, wall thickness 0.127mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF38637850

Aluminum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF01823284

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF61103146

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF54777460

Aluminum, microfoil, disks, 50mm, thinness 0.0075μm, specific density 1.84μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.999%

GF28367860

Aluminum, insulated wire, 5m, conductor diameter 0.1mm, insulation thickness 0.005mm, polyimide insulation, 99.95+%

GF71694939

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF62524076

Aluminum, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.96mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.28mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF40979773

Aluminum, rod, 500mm, diameter 6.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF52104260

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.95+%

GF66886521

Aluminum, microfoil, disks, 50mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 25.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.999%

GF21371082

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.7mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF15509101

Aluminum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.96mm, inside diameter 1.4mm, wall thickness 0.28mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF70044342

Aluminum, rod, 100mm, diameter 30.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF70280669

Aluminum, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.0mm, inside diameter 1.62mm, wall thickness 0.69mm, hard, 99.5%

GF70442209

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.5%

GF20899604

Aluminum, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF14472266

Aluminum, rod, 50mm, diameter 25.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF49592076

Aluminum, wire reel, 100m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.999%

GF21518850

Aluminum, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%