Establishment of a system to evaluate the therapeutic effect and the dynamics of an investigational drug on ulcerative colitis using human colonic organoids.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an intractable, recurrent course. The goal of UC therapy is to target mucosal healing because immune-suppressive therapy for UC frequently results in relapse. However, few drugs directly target mucosal healing. We, therefore, aim to evaluate the therapeutic effect of an investigational drug on intestinal epithelial cells in an in vitro UC model using human colonic organoids. Colonic organoids were isolated from human colon and cultured. A mixture of cytokines and bacterial components were used to mimic UC in humans. The effect of the investigational drug on colonic organoid was evaluated by microarray analysis and 3D immunofluorescence. The enrichment of stem cells was assessed with a colony formation assay. Inflammatory stimulation resulted in a significant induction of inflammatory-related genes in colonic organoids whereas cell differentiation was suppressed. Treatment with the investigational drug KAG-308 showed reciprocal dynamics of gene expression to inflammatory stimulation, which resulted in not only the suppression of immune response but also the promotion of cellular differentiation towards secretory lineages. Moreover, SPDEF and Reg4 were identified as novel targets for the enrichment of intestinal epithelial stem cells and mucosal healing. The establishment of in vitro UC model using human colonic organoid could reveal the effects and targets of investigational drugs in intestinal epithelial cells under inflammation conditions. Further maturation of this system might be more efficient to predict the effect on UC, as compared with the use of animal model, for the development of new drugs.