Tungsten toxicity.

Tungsten toxicity.

Chemico-biological interactions (2011-12-21)

Mark L Witten, Paul R Sheppard, Brandon L Witten

ABSTRACT

There is emerging evidence that tungsten has toxic health effects. We summarize the recent tungsten toxicity research in this short review. Tungsten is widely used in many commercial and military applications because it has the second highest melting temperature of any element. Consequently, it is important to elucidate the potential health effects of tungsten.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

267546

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

267511

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, powder, 12 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

510106

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, powder (monocrystalline), 0.6-1 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF97996998

Tungsten, rod, 1000mm, diameter 3.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF79060103

Tungsten, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 0.025mm, insulation thickness 0.005mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF41314092

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.075mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF43142969

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF18728961

Tungsten, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 182μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.95%

GF24079945

Tungsten, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.95%

GF21637896

Tungsten, insulated wire, 20m, conductor diameter 0.05mm, insulation thickness 0.008mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF36837591

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 12.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF94362521

Tungsten, rod, 8.25mm, diameter 9.5mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF38958250

Tungsten, insulated wire, 2m, conductor diameter 0.075mm, insulation thickness 0.02mm, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) insulation, 99.9%

GF33990273

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF71173155

Tungsten, insulated wire, 0.2m, conductor diameter 0.0125mm, insulation thickness 0.0035mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF71957155

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.025mm, clean, 99.95%

GF14696859

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 10.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF07918230

Tungsten, rod, 1000mm, diameter 1.6mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF14172612

Tungsten, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, clean, 99.95%

GF11784449

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.025mm, as rolled, 99.95%

GF14483088

Tungsten, insulated wire, 0.2m, conductor diameter 0.015mm, insulation thickness 0.002mm, polyimide insulation, 99.9%

GF27648007

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.035mm, clean, 99.95%

GF24063342

Tungsten, rod, 500mm, diameter 1.6mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF89779718

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF13770491

Tungsten, rod, 50mm, diameter 16mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF34720084

Tungsten, rod, 25mm, diameter 20.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF95973216

Tungsten, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, clean, 99.95%

GF84684808

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 6.35mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

GF97613589

Tungsten, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.05mm, clean, 99.95%

GF22463995

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%