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Tungsten toxicity.

Tungsten toxicity.

Chemico-biological interactions (2011-12-21)

Mark L Witten, Paul R Sheppard, Brandon L Witten

ABSTRACT

There is emerging evidence that tungsten has toxic health effects. We summarize the recent tungsten toxicity research in this short review. Tungsten is widely used in many commercial and military applications because it has the second highest melting temperature of any element. Consequently, it is important to elucidate the potential health effects of tungsten.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Tungsten, foil, thickness 0.25 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Tungsten, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Tungsten, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire, straight, 150mm, diameter 0.38mm, 99.9+%

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire, straight, 300mm, diameter 0.125mm, 99.9+%

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.2mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire, straight, 300mm, diameter 0.15mm, 99.9+%

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.38mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.005mm, gold plated, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 500m, diameter 0.1mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire, straight, 300mm, diameter 0.75mm, 99.9+%

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.15mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.15mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.1mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire, straight, 100mm, diameter 0.25mm, 99.9+%

Tungsten, mesh, 50x50mm, nominal aperture 0.2mm, wire diameter 0.05mm, 100 wires/inch, open area 64%, plain weave mesh, 99.95%

Tungsten, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

Tungsten, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, centerless ground, 99.95%

Tungsten, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Tungsten, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.025mm, coil width 1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Tungsten, mesh, 100x100mm, nominal aperture 0.2mm, wire diameter 0.05mm, 100 wires/inch, open area 64%, plain weave mesh, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.5mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.01mm, hard, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.004mm, hard, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.3mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.08mm, gold plated, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.125mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.04mm, clean, 99.95%

Tungsten, wire reel, 10m, diameter 0.025mm, clean, 99.95%