Regeneration of Tooth with Allogenous, Autoclaved Treated Dentin Matrix with Dental Pulpal Stem Cells: An In Vivo Study.

Biomaterials designed for tissue engineering should be nontoxic and nonimmunogenic and should achieve their intended functions. Treated dentin matrix (TDM), a bioactive extracellular matrix, is promising for tooth regeneration. However, the effect of sterilization on the surface properties of allogenous TDM in the animal model is unclear. The biological characteristics and influences of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) with autoclaved TDM (a-TDM) were studied using scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in vitro. In addition, a-TDM was implanted in a mouse model for 6 weeks and was a substrate with DPSCs for tooth reconstruction in a goat animal model in vivo. Allogenous a-TDM induced and supported DPSCs to develop new dentin pulp-like tissues, enamel dental pulp, and cementum periodontal complexes. Immunohistochemistry data showed that the markers dentin sialoprotein, βⅢ-tubulin, dentin matrix protein 1, amelogenin, VIII factors, type I collagen, cementum-derived attachment protein, and scleraxis transcription factor were positive stained in toothlike tissue. Allogenous a-TDM served as an effective scaffold enabling DPSCs to proliferate and differentiate into a broad array of resident cells including odontoblasts, fibroblasts, vascular cells, and neural endings. Allogenous a-TDM with DPSCs can provide an ideal biomaterial for optimizing the regeneration of tooth material.