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  • Photodegradation of non-ionic surfactant with different ethoxy groups in aqueous effluents by the photo-Fenton process.

Photodegradation of non-ionic surfactant with different ethoxy groups in aqueous effluents by the photo-Fenton process.

Environmental technology (2014-04-08)
Syllos S da Silva, Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho, Eduardo L de Barros Neto, Andre L N Mota, Edson L Foletto, Claudio A O Nascimento
ABSTRACT

The photo-Fenton process was applied to degrade non-ionic surfactants with different numbers of ethoxy groups, seven (E7), ten (E10) and twenty-three (E23). The effects of H2O2 concentration, Fe(II) concentration and number of ethoxy groups on the mineralization of surfactants were investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine optimal concentrations of Fenton's reagents for each surfactant. The efficiency of the photo-Fenton process reached 95% for all surfactants studied at 45 min in optimal conditions determined in this work. The analysis of results showed that the efficiency depends upon the number of ethoxy groups in the surfactant. The increase in ethoxy groups favoured the mineralization of surfactants. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied, and according to the F-test the models for the mineralization of surfactants were considered significant and predictable. The photo-Fenton process has proven to be feasible for the degradation of ethoxylated surfactants in aqueous solution.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
Hydrogen peroxide solution, 30 % (w/w) in H2O, contains stabilizer
Supelco
Hydrogen peroxide solution, ≥30%, for trace analysis
Sigma-Aldrich
Hydrogen peroxide solution, 34.5-36.5%
Iron, IRMM®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire
Sigma-Aldrich
Hydrogen peroxide solution, tested according to Ph. Eur.
Sigma-Aldrich
Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)
Sigma-Aldrich
Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis
Sigma-Aldrich
Iron, powder, −325 mesh, 97%
Millipore
Hydrogen peroxide solution, 3%, suitable for microbiology
Supelco
Hydrogen peroxide solution, 30 % (w/w), for ultratrace analysis
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 25.0mm, inside diameter 21mm, wall thickness 2mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 2.38mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.39mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 3.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%
Iron, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.99+%
Iron, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 12.0mm, inside diameter 9mm, wall thickness 1.5mm, annealed, 99.5%
Iron, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, hard, 99.99+%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Iron, foil, 300x300mm, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.38mm, inside diameter 1.6mm, wall thickness 0.39mm, as drawn, 99.8+%
Iron, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 3.18mm, inside diameter 1.96mm, wall thickness 0.61mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 5.0mm, inside diameter 4.5mm, wall thickness 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.5%
Iron, rod, 100mm, diameter 4.8mm, as drawn, 98+%
Iron, wire reel, 0.05m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.998%
Iron, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.004mm, 99.99+%
Iron, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 2mm, as rolled, 99.99+%