Apoptosis induced by the flavonoid from lemon fruit (Citrus limon BURM. f.) and its metabolites in HL-60 cells.

The flavonoid from lemon fruit (Citrus limon BURM. f.) and its metabolites, particularly eriodictyol, 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, and phloroglucinol had the function of DNA fragmentation in HL-60 cells when analyzed by flow cytometry. An apoptotic DNA ladder and chromatin condensation were observed in HL-60 cells when treated with these compounds. The caspase inhibitor prevented DNA fragmentation. These compounds are anticipated to be useful for medical purposes.