E8751
Ethidium bromide
~95% (HPLC)
Synonym(s):
3,8-Diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide, EtBr, Homidium bromide
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About This Item
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C21H20BrN3
CAS Number:
Molecular Weight:
394.31
Beilstein:
3642536
EC Number:
MDL number:
UNSPSC Code:
41105322
PubChem Substance ID:
NACRES:
NB.22
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Assay
~95% (HPLC)
Quality Level
mp
260-262 °C (dec.) (lit.)
SMILES string
[Br-].CC[n+]1c(-c2ccccc2)c3cc(N)ccc3c4ccc(N)cc14
InChI
1S/C21H19N3.BrH/c1-2-24-20-13-16(23)9-11-18(20)17-10-8-15(22)12-19(17)21(24)14-6-4-3-5-7-14;/h3-13,23H,2,22H2,1H3;1H
InChI key
ZMMJGEGLRURXTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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Application
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids. It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA. Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase.
Frameshift mutagen which intercalates double-stranded DNA and RNA.
Frameshift mutagen which intercalates double-stranded DNA and RNA.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Ethidium bromide intercalates double-stranded DNA and RNA and acts as a frameshift mutagen. It can also be used in conjunction with acridine orange to differentiate between viable, apoptotic and necrotic cells.
Reconstitution
For staining a gel after electrophoresis, dilute a sample of the stock solution to 0.5 μg/ml with water and incubate the gel for 15-30 min. Destaining is usually not needed but can be carried out in water for 15 min if decreased background is necessary. The DNA bands can then be detected on a UV light box (254 nm wavelength). Ethidium bromide can also be incorporated into the gel and running buffer at 0.5 μg/ml and visualized immediately after electrophoresis.
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Signal Word
Danger
Hazard Statements
Precautionary Statements
Hazard Classifications
Acute Tox. 1 Inhalation - Acute Tox. 4 Oral - Muta. 2
Storage Class Code
6.1A - Combustible acute toxic Cat. 1 and 2 / very toxic hazardous materials
WGK
WGK 1
Flash Point(F)
Not applicable
Flash Point(C)
Not applicable
Personal Protective Equipment
dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
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