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  • Novel regulators of islet function identified from genetic variation in mouse islet Ca2+ oscillations.

Novel regulators of islet function identified from genetic variation in mouse islet Ca2+ oscillations.

eLife (2023-10-03)
Christopher H Emfinger, Lauren E Clark, Brian Yandell, Kathryn L Schueler, Shane P Simonett, Donnie S Stapleton, Kelly A Mitok, Matthew J Merrins, Mark P Keller, Alan D Attie
ABSTRACT

Insufficient insulin secretion to meet metabolic demand results in diabetes. The intracellular flux of Ca2+ into β-cells triggers insulin release. Since genetics strongly influences variation in islet secretory responses, we surveyed islet Ca2+ dynamics in eight genetically diverse mouse strains. We found high strain variation in response to four conditions: (1) 8 mM glucose; (2) 8 mM glucose plus amino acids; (3) 8 mM glucose, amino acids, plus 10 nM glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP); and (4) 2 mM glucose. These stimuli interrogate β-cell function, α- to β-cell signaling, and incretin responses. We then correlated components of the Ca2+ waveforms to islet protein abundances in the same strains used for the Ca2+ measurements. To focus on proteins relevant to human islet function, we identified human orthologues of correlated mouse proteins that are proximal to glycemic-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human genome-wide association studies. Several orthologues have previously been shown to regulate insulin secretion (e.g. ABCC8, PCSK1, and GCK), supporting our mouse-to-human integration as a discovery platform. By integrating these data, we nominate novel regulators of islet Ca2+ oscillations and insulin secretion with potential relevance for human islet function. We also provide a resource for identifying appropriate mouse strains in which to study these regulators.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Roche
cOmplete, Mini, EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablets provided in a glass vial, Tablets provided in a glass vial
Sigma-Aldrich
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide human, ≥95% (HPLC)