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  • Ripening-dependent metabolic changes in the volatiles of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit: I. Characterization of pineapple aroma compounds by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Ripening-dependent metabolic changes in the volatiles of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) fruit: I. Characterization of pineapple aroma compounds by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (2015-02-24)
Christof Björn Steingass, Reinhold Carle, Hans-Georg Schmarr
ABSTRACT

Qualitative ripening-dependent changes of pineapple volatiles were studied via headspace solid-phase microextraction and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC×GC-qMS). Early green-ripe stage, post-harvest ripened, and green-ripe fruits at the end of their commercial shelf-life were compared to air-freighted pineapples harvested at full maturity. In total, more than 290 volatiles could be identified by mass spectrometry and their linear retention indices. The majority of compounds comprise esters (methyl and ethyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, acetates), terpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, 2-ketones, free fatty acids, and miscellaneous γ- and δ-lactones. The structured separation space obtained by GC×GC allowed revealing various homologous series of compound classes as well as clustering of sesquiterpenes. Post-harvest ripening increased the diversity of the volatile profile compared to both early green-ripe maturity stages and on-plant ripened fruits.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
L-Lysine monohydrochloride, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
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SPME Fiber Assembly Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), df 65 μm(PDMS/DVB, for use with autosampler, needle size 23 ga, metal alloy fiber
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SPME fiber assortment kit 2, for use with autosampler, size 24 ga
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SPME fiber assortment kit 4, for use with manual holder, size 24 ga
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SPME fiber assortment kit 1, for use with manual holder, needle size 24 ga
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SPME fiber assortment kit 1, for use with autosampler, needle size 24 ga
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SPME fiber assortment kit 4, for use with autosampler, size 24 ga
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium hydroxide-16O solution, 20 wt. % in H216O, 99.9 atom % 16O
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L-Lysine monohydrochloride, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
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Crimp seals (magnetic) with PTFE/silicone septa, pkg/100, gold seal (magnetic, with 8 mm center hole), PTFE/silicone (blue PTFE/white silicone), diam. × thickness 20 mm × 1.5 mm, open center
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SPME Fiber Assembly Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), df 65 μm(PDMS/DVB, needle size 24 ga, for use with autosampler
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SPME StableFlex fiber assortment kit, for use with manual holder
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SPME fiber assortment kit 2, for use with autosampler, needle size 23 ga
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SPME fiber assortment kit 4, for use with autosampler, needle size 23 ga
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L-Lysine hydrochloride solution, 100 mM amino acid in 0.1 M HCl, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Lysine monohydrochloride, BioUltra, ≥99.5% (AT)
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Lysine monohydrochloride, from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%
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L-Lysine monohydrochloride, reagent grade, ≥98% (HPLC)
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SPME fiber assortment kit 5, needle size 23 ga, for use with autosampler
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SPME StableFlex fiber assortment kit, needle size 24 ga, for use with autosampler
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SPME StableFlex fiber assortment kit, needle size 23 ga, for use with autosampler
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SPME fiber assortment kit 2, for use with manual holder, needle size 24 ga
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SPME fiber assortment kit 1, for use with autosampler, needle size 23 ga
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Sodium hydroxide concentrate, 0.1 M NaOH in water (0.1N), Eluent concentrate for IC
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SPME fiber assembly, Carbowax-Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Coating, needle size 23 ga, df 60 μm(PEG, metal alloy fiber, for use with manual holder
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SPME fiber assembly, Carbowax-Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Coating, needle size 23 ga, df 60 μm(PEG, for use with autosampler
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SPME Portable Field Sampler, coating CAR/PDMS
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SPME Fiber Assembly Polydimethylsiloxane/Divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), df 65 μm(PDMS/DVB, for use with autosampler, needle size 23 ga
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Sodium chloride solution, 0.85%
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SPME Sampling Stand, for use with 15 mL vials