Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Journal of cellular biochemistry (2011-06-17)

Tingyu Shi, Jianping Xie

ABSTRACT

When intracelluar pathogens enter the host macrophages where in addition to oxidative and antibiotic mechanisms of antimicrobial activity, nutrients are deprived. Human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of macrophage parasitisms, which can replicate and persist for decades in dormancy state in virulent environments. It is very successful in escaping the killing mechanisms of macrophage. Molybdenum (Mo) enzymes involve in the global carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles by catalyzing important redox reactions. There are several Mo enzymes in mycobacteria and they exert several important physiological functions, such as dormancy regulation, the metabolism of energy sources, and nitrogen source. Pterin-based Mo cofactor (Moco) is the common cofactor of the Mo enzymes in mycobacteria but the cofactor biosynthesis is nearly an untapped area. The present article discusses the physiological function of Mo enzymes and the structural feature of the genes coding for Moco biosynthesis enzymes in mycobacteria.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

510092

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 1-5 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

203823

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.99% trace metals basis

577987

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (TEM), 99.8% trace metals basis

357200

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

366986

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 10 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

266892

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

357227

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

266922

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF98741504

Molybdenum, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF86291679

Molybdenum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF11451518

Molybdenum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF15340306

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.9%

GF00768326

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.9%

GF95640587

Molybdenum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF21499544

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF83989939

Molybdenum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF75235989

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%

GF94111129

Molybdenum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF71483407

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF63890174

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF82512244

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

GF24241654

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF94854099

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF57507374

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF51453200

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF53516886

Molybdenum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF40223685

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF10811629

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF46843645

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%

GF14532308

Molybdenum, rod, 200mm, diameter 25mm, centerless ground, 99.9%