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D1064

Sigma-Aldrich

Dihydrokainic acid

≥98% (HPLC), powder

Synonym(s):

2-Carboxy-4-isopropyl-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid

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About This Item

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation):
C10H17NO4
CAS Number:
52497-36-6
Molecular Weight:
215.25
MDL number:
MFCD03412037
UNSPSC Code:
12352106
PubChem Substance ID:
24277981
NACRES:
NA.77

Assay

≥98% (HPLC)

form

powder

solubility

H2O: >10 mg/mL

storage temp.

2-8°C

SMILES string

CC(C)[C@H]1CN[C@@H]([C@H]1CC(O)=O)C(O)=O

InChI

1S/C10H17NO4/c1-5(2)7-4-11-9(10(14)15)6(7)3-8(12)13/h5-7,9,11H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)/t6-,7+,9-/m0/s1

InChI key

JQPDCKOQOOQUSC-OOZYFLPDSA-N

Gene Information

human ... SLC1A1(6505) , SLC1A2(6506) , SLC1A3(6507)
rat ... Slc1a2(29482) , Slc1a3(29483)

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Application

Dihydrokainic acid has been used as a glutamate transporter (GLT-1) inhibitor in the glutamate uptake assay of astrocytes and glial cells. It may be used as a GLT-1 inhibitor in Lateral habenula (LHb).

Biochem/physiol Actions

Dihydrokainic acid is a selective inhibitor of the GLT-1 glutamate transporter. At higher concentrations, dihydrokainate is a weak inhibitor of AMPA/kainate glutamic acid receptors.
Dihydrokainic favors neuronal cell death. It modulates anxiety and depression behaviors.

Features and Benefits

This compound is featured on the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters page of the Handbook of Receptor Classification and Signal Transduction. To browse other handbook pages, click here.

Storage Class Code

11 - Combustible Solids

WGK

WGK 3

Flash Point(F)

Not applicable

Flash Point(C)

Not applicable

Personal Protective Equipment

dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves

Certificates of Analysis (COA)

Search for Certificates of Analysis (COA) by entering the products Lot/Batch Number. Lot and Batch Numbers can be found on a product’s label following the words ‘Lot’ or ‘Batch’.

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Rescue of glutamate transport in the lateral habenula alleviates depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in ethanol-withdrawn rats
Kang S, et al.
Neuropharmacology, 129(11), 47-56 (2018)
Scott M Rawls et al.
Drug and alcohol dependence, 107(2-3), 261-263 (2009-12-17)
Glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) activation is a promising - and understudied - approach for managing aspects of morphine tolerance caused by increased glutamatergic transmission. Identification of beta-lactam antibiotics as pharmaceuticals which activate GLT-1 transporters prompted us to hypothesize that
Anita J Bechtholt-Gompf et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(10), 2049-2059 (2010-06-10)
Mood disorders are associated with regional brain abnormalities, including reductions in glial cell and neuron number, glutamatergic irregularities, and differential patterns of brain activation. Because astrocytes are modulators of neuronal activity and are important in trafficking the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate
Catherine S John et al.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(11), 2467-2475 (2012-06-29)
Major depression is associated with both dysregulated glutamatergic neurotransmission and fewer astrocytes in limbic areas including the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These deficits may be functionally related. Notably, astrocytes regulate glutamate levels by removing glutamate from the synapse via the glutamate
Meredith L Lee et al.
Journal of neurochemistry, 143(5), 489-506 (2017-08-05)
Neuron-secreted factors induce astrocytic expression of the glutamate transporter, GLT-1 (excitatory amino acid transporter 2). In addition to their elaborate anatomic relationships with neurons, astrocytes also have processes that extend to and envelop the vasculature. Although previous studies have demonstrated
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