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  • Extracellular cystine influences human preadipocyte differentiation and correlates with fat mass in healthy adults.

Extracellular cystine influences human preadipocyte differentiation and correlates with fat mass in healthy adults.

Amino acids (2021-09-15)
Hagar Elkafrawy, Radwa Mehanna, Fayrouz Ali, Ayman Barghash, Iman Dessouky, Fredrik Jernerén, Cheryl Turner, Helga Refsum, Amany Elshorbagy
ANOTACE

Plasma cysteine is associated with human obesity, but it is unknown whether this is mediated by reduced, disulfide (cystine and mixed-disulfides) or protein-bound (bCys) fractions. We investigated which cysteine fractions are associated with adiposity in vivo and if a relevant fraction influences human adipogenesis in vitro. In the current study, plasma cysteine fractions were correlated with body fat mass in 35 adults. Strong positive correlations with fat mass were observed for cystine and mixed disulfides (r ≥ 0.61, P < 0.001), but not the quantitatively major form, bCys. Primary human preadipocytes were differentiated in media containing cystine concentrations varying from 10-50 μM, a range similar to that in plasma. Increasing extracellular cystine (10-50 μM) enhanced mRNA expression of PPARG2 (to sixfold), PPARG1, PLIN1, SCD1 and CDO1 (P = 0.042- < 0.001). Adipocyte lipid accumulation and lipid-droplet size showed dose-dependent increases from lowest to highest cystine concentrations (P < 0.001), and the malonedialdehyde/total antioxidant capacity increased, suggesting increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, increased cystine concentrations, within the physiological range, are positively associated with both fat mass in healthy adults and human adipogenic differentiation in vitro. The potential role of cystine as a modifiable factor regulating human adipocyte turnover and metabolism deserves further study.

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Sigma-Aldrich
Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle′s Medium - high glucose, With 4500 mg/L glucose and sodium bicarbonate, without L-methionine, L-cystine and L-glutamine, liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Cystine, from non-animal source, meets EP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%
Sigma-Aldrich
Dulbecco′s Modified Eagle′s Medium - high glucose, With 4500 mg/L glucose, sodium pyruvate, and sodium bicarbonate, without L-glutamine, liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Methionine, from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 99.0-101.0%