Balanced salt solution (BSS) plays an important role in cell culture as they provide a buffering system to maintain the medium within the optimum pH range (7.2-7.6). It also serves as an irrigating, transporting, and diluting agent to maintain the osmotic balance between intra- and extracellular spaces. BSS provides cells with water, inorganic ions, and energy for normal cell metabolism.
Nocturnal mice fed in the middle of the light period exhibit food anticipatory rhythms of behavior and physiology under control of food-entrainable circadian clocks in the brain and body. This is presumed to be adaptive by aligning behavior and physiology
In this protocol, we introduced a method of measuring mitochondrial dysfunction to confirm the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic cancer cells under a hypoxic environment. There are many expertized and complicated methods to verify EMT. However, our methods have indicated
Circadian rhythms are strongly affected by drugs. In rodents, chronic methamphetamine (METH) intake changes circadian activity rhythms, mainly by altering light synchronization that generates the expression of a free-running rhythm with a period longer than 24 h and a second behavioral
Recent research has indicated the adult liver Sox9+ cells located in the portal triads contribute to the physiological maintenance of liver mass and injury repair. However, the physiology and pathology regulation mechanisms of adult liver Sox9+ cells remain unknown. Here
For many years, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was considered as the unique circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain. Currently, it is known that other brain areas are able to oscillate in a circadian manner. However, many of them are dependent
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