Redistribution of lamina-associated domains reshapes binding of pioneer factor FOXA2 in development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the elderly, impacting 40% of individuals over 70. Regulation of heterochromatin at the nuclear lamina has been associated with aging and age-dependent metabolic changes. We previously showed that changes at the lamina in aged hepatocytes and laminopathy models lead to redistribution of lamina-associated domains (LADs), opening of repressed chromatin, and up-regulation of genes regulating lipid synthesis and storage, culminating in fatty liver. Here, we test the hypothesis that change in the expression of lamina-associated proteins and nuclear shape leads to redistribution of LADs, followed by altered binding of pioneer factor FOXA2 and by up-regulation of lipid synthesis and storage, culminating in steatosis in younger NAFLD patients (aged 21-51). Changes in nuclear morphology alter LAD partitioning and reduced lamin B1 signal correlate with increased FOXA2 binding before severe steatosis in young mice placed on a western diet. Nuclear shape is also changed in younger NAFLD patients. LADs are redistrubted and lamin B1 signal decreases similarly in mild and severe steatosis. In contrast, FOXA2 binding is similar in normal and NAFLD patients with moderate steatosis and is repositioned only in NAFLD patients with more severe lipid accumulation. Hence, changes at the nuclear lamina reshape FOXA2 binding with progression of the disease. Our results suggest a role for nuclear lamina in etiology of NAFLD, irrespective of aging, with potential for improved stratification of patients and novel treatments aimed at restoring nuclear lamina function.