Adenosinergic modulation of the imidazoline I₁-receptor-dependent hypotensive effect of ethanol in acute renal failure.

We reported that inhibition of central sympathetic pools of imidazoline I(1) receptors abolishes the hypotensive effect of ethanol in rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF). This study investigated whether adenosine receptors modulate the ethanol-I(1)-receptor interaction. The effect of selective blockade of adenosine A(1), A(2A), or A(2B) receptors on hemodynamic responses to ethanol in the absence and presence of the I(1)-receptor agonist moxonidine was determined in ARF rats. Ethanol (1g/kg i.v.) decreased and increased blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), respectively. Pretreatment with moxonidine abolished the hypotensive but not the tachycardic effect of ethanol. The hypotensive effect of ethanol remained unaltered after selective blockade of A(1), A(2A), or A(2B) receptors with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and 8-(3-chlorostyryl) caffeine (CSC) and alloxazine, respectively. Neither was ethanol hypotension affected after inhibition of adenosine uptake by dipyridamole (DPY). Alternatively, the ability of moxonidine to abolish ethanol hypotension was still evident in presence of alloxazine whereas it disappeared or weakened in rats pretreated with CSC and DPCPX, respectively. These findings implicate adenosine A(2A) receptors in the moxonidine-evoked inhibition of the hypotensive action of ethanol. A modulatory role for adenosine A(1) site in the ethanol-I(1)-receptor interaction is also possible through as yet unidentified mechanism.