Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Journal of cellular biochemistry (2011-06-17)

Tingyu Shi, Jianping Xie

ABSTRACT

When intracelluar pathogens enter the host macrophages where in addition to oxidative and antibiotic mechanisms of antimicrobial activity, nutrients are deprived. Human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of macrophage parasitisms, which can replicate and persist for decades in dormancy state in virulent environments. It is very successful in escaping the killing mechanisms of macrophage. Molybdenum (Mo) enzymes involve in the global carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles by catalyzing important redox reactions. There are several Mo enzymes in mycobacteria and they exert several important physiological functions, such as dormancy regulation, the metabolism of energy sources, and nitrogen source. Pterin-based Mo cofactor (Moco) is the common cofactor of the Mo enzymes in mycobacteria but the cofactor biosynthesis is nearly an untapped area. The present article discusses the physiological function of Mo enzymes and the structural feature of the genes coding for Moco biosynthesis enzymes in mycobacteria.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

577987

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (TEM), 99.8% trace metals basis

510092

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 1-5 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

203823

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.99% trace metals basis

357200

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

366986

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 10 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

266892

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

357227

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

266922

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

GF68041964

Molybdenum, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.035mm, as drawn, 99.95%

GF97787851

Molybdenum, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 6.0mm, inside diameter 4.4mm, wall thickness 0.8mm, 99.9%

GF48963549

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%

GF76572513

Molybdenum, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 0.5mm, inside diameter 0.38mm, wall thickness 0.06mm, 99.9%

GF84555681

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF35688752

Molybdenum, wire reel, 1000m, diameter 0.05mm, annealed, 99.95%

GF04296618

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF11002149

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

GF75912914

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.008mm, 99.9%

GF87605040

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 99.9%

GF96566721

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.004mm, 99.9%

GF37855974

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 29x200mm, thickness 0.0712mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF20045786

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.002mm, 99.9%

GF43249169

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF01123489

Molybdenum, insulated wire, 10m, conductor diameter 0.125mm, insulation thickness 0.012mm, polyimide insulation, 99.95%

GF31997289

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 29x500mm, thickness 0.0712mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF03650543

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

GF99660437

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 29x600mm, thickness 0.0712mm, annealed, 99.9%

GF52864779

Molybdenum, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

GF62073299

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%

GF61121304

Molybdenum, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.9%

GF75574592

Molybdenum, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 92.4μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.9%