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Cell biology of molybdenum.

Cell biology of molybdenum.

BioFactors (Oxford, England) (2009-07-23)

Ralf R Mendel

ABSTRACT

The transition element molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient that is needed as catalytically active metal during enzyme catalysis. In humans four enzymes depend on Mo: sulfite oxidase, xanthine oxidoreductase, aldehyde oxidase, and mitochondrial amidoxime reductase. In addition to these enzymes, plants harbor a fifth Mo-enzyme namely nitrate reductase. To gain biological activity and fulfill its function in enzymes, Mo has to be complexed by a pterin compound thus forming the molybdenum cofactor. This article will review the way that Mo takes from uptake into the cell, via formation of the molybdenum cofactor and its storage, up to the final insertion of the molybdenum cofactor into apometalloenzymes.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 1-5 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (TEM), 99.8% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 10 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.9%