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Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Hypoxia-inducible factors link iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.

Gastroenterology (2014-01-07)

Yatrik M Shah, Liwei Xie

ABSTRACT

Iron is required for efficient oxygen transport, and hypoxia signaling links erythropoiesis with iron homeostasis. Hypoxia induces a highly conserved signaling pathway in cells under conditions of low levels of O2. One component of this pathway, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), is a transcription factor that is highly active in hypoxic cells. The first HIF target gene characterized was EPO, which encodes erythropoietin-a glycoprotein hormone that controls erythropoiesis. In the past decade, there have been fundamental advances in our understanding of how hypoxia regulates iron levels to support erythropoiesis and maintain systemic iron homeostasis. We review the cell type-specific effects of hypoxia and HIFs in adaptive response to changes in oxygen and iron availability as well as potential uses of HIF modulators for patients with iron-related disorders.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Iron, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, chips, 99.98% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, puriss. p.a., carbonyl-Iron powder, low in magnesium and manganese compounds, ≥99.5% (RT)

Sigma-Aldrich

Iron, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.004mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.004mm, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.005mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.38mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.038mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.007mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.003mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.075mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.004mm, 99.85%

Iron, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+%

Iron, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.5%

Iron, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 99.99+%