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Lead and other elements in house dust of Japanese residences--source of lead and health risks due to metal exposure.

Lead and other elements in house dust of Japanese residences--source of lead and health risks due to metal exposure.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2014-04-01)

Jun Yoshinaga, Kumiko Yamasaki, Ayumi Yonemura, Yuri Ishibashi, Takaya Kaido, Kodai Mizuno, Mai Takagi, Atsushi Tanaka

ABSTRACT

The levels of 25 elements in house dust collected from 100 general Japanese residences were measured. Factor analysis was applied on the multi-element data to explore source of Pb (median concentration 49.1 mg/kg) in house dust. Six factors were extracted and Pb was found to have great loading on the fifth factor with Sb and Sn, suggesting solder (Sn), and plastic and metals (Sb) may be the sources of Pb in the house dust of Japanese residences. No significant loading was found on soil-related factors indicating non-significant contribution of Pb in track-in soil. Seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn) were found in house dust at >10 times more condensed than crustal abundance. Health risk of these elements to children via the ingestion of house dust was estimated based on the comparison with tolerable daily intake and found to be non-significant for most of the elements.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Lead, shot, 1-3 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Lead, shot, <2 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Lead, powder, −100 mesh, 99.95% trace metals basis

Lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100%

Lead, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.12mm, coil width 25.4mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.25mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (Sn 1.5%, Sb 1.5%)

Lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.15mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.03mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.016mm, as rolled, 96% (sn 1.5%, sb 2.5%)

Lead, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.55mm, as rolled, 100%

Lead, foil, 0.5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, as rolled, 97% (sn 1.5%, sb 1.5%)

Lead, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.04mm, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, as rolled, 99.99+%

Lead, foil, 500x500mm, thickness 0.5mm, as rolled, 99.95%

Lead, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 1.5mm, as rolled, 99.99+%