Hemostasis control in endodontic surgery: a comparative study of calcium sulfate versus gauzes and versus ferric sulfate.

Calcium sulfate (CaS) is a simple, biocompatible material with a long history of safe use in different fields of medicine. CaS is a rapidly resorbing material that leaves behind a calcium phosphate lattice, which promotes bone regeneration and hemostasis. The aim of this study was a clinical evaluation of the hemostatic effect of CaS hemi-hydrate (CaSO4), commonly known as plaster of Paris, in endodontic surgery. Twenty-four patients with 31 periradicular lesions were enrolled in this study. The apical roots were exposed, and the bleeding would have made it difficult to correctly fill the root-end cavities. To avoid such an inconvenience, the teeth were divided into 3 groups. Hemostasis was attempted by using CaS in 11 teeth (group I), gauze tamponade in another 10 teeth (group II), or 20% ferric sulfate in the last 10 teeth (group III). Control of the bleeding was achieved in all teeth of group I, whereas in group II adequate hemostasis was achieved in 3 of 10 cases and in group III in 6 of 10 cases. The use of CaS completely eliminated the bleeding, with a very good level of hemostasis.