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Functional understanding of the versatile protein copper metabolism MURR1 domain 1 (COMMD1) in copper homeostasis.

Functional understanding of the versatile protein copper metabolism MURR1 domain 1 (COMMD1) in copper homeostasis.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (2014-04-05)

Alina Fedoseienko, Paulina Bartuzi, Bart van de Sluis

ABSTRACT

Copper is an important cofactor in numerous biological processes in all living organisms. However, excessive copper can be extremely toxic, so it is vital that the copper level within a cell is tightly regulated. The damaging effect of copper is seen in several hereditary forms of copper toxicity in humans and animals. At present, Wilson's disease is the best-described and best-studied copper-storage disorder in humans; it is caused by mutations in the ATP7B gene. In dogs, a mutation in the COMMD1 gene has been found to be associated with copper toxicosis. Using a liver-specific Commd1 knockout mouse, the biological role of Commd1 in copper homeostasis has been confirmed. Yet, the exact mechanism by which COMMD1 regulates copper homeostasis is still unknown. Here, we give an overview of the current knowledge and perspectives on the molecular function of COMMD1 in copper homeostasis.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, 99.9995% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis

Continuous cast copper (O), BCR^®, certified reference material, rod

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, ≥99.9%

Sigma-Aldrich

Copper, wire, diam. 0.64 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, half hard, 99.95+%

Copper, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.7mm, half hard, 99.95+%

Copper, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, half hard, 99.95+%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, hard, 99.95+%

Copper, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.02mm, hard, 99.99+%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.95+%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 25mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, half hard, 99.95+%

Copper, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.98+%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.7mm, half hard, 99.95+%

Copper, wire reel, 500m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.9%

Copper, wire reel, 500m, diameter 0.05mm, annealed, 99.9%

Copper, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.010mm, hard, 99.95+%

Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.95+%

Copper, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.98+%

Copper, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.75mm, as drawn, 99.98+%

Copper, wire reel, 500m, diameter 0.15mm, annealed, silver plated, 99.9%

Copper, wire reel, 250m, diameter 0.04mm, annealed, 99.9%

Copper, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.98+%