Detection of Several Carbohydrates Using Boron-doped Diamond Electrodes Modified with Nickel Hydroxide Nanoparticles.

In this work the electrooxidations of glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose and arabinose are studied at a nickel hydroxide nanoparticle modified boron-doped diamond electrode and compared to an unmodified electrode. These carbohydrates are very important in the second-generation ethanol production process. Nickel hydroxide modified boron-doped diamond was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was employed to study the interface properties of surface-modified electrodes in the absence and presence of the carbohydrates. Limits of detection were 5.3 × 10(-5), 6.8 × 10(-5), 2.7 × 10(-4), 6.9 × 10(-5), 8.8 × 10(-5) and 2.6 × 10(-5) mol L(-1) for glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, respectively.