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Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Molybdenum enzymes and molybdenum cofactor in mycobacteria.

Journal of cellular biochemistry (2011-06-17)

Tingyu Shi, Jianping Xie

ABSTRACT

When intracelluar pathogens enter the host macrophages where in addition to oxidative and antibiotic mechanisms of antimicrobial activity, nutrients are deprived. Human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of macrophage parasitisms, which can replicate and persist for decades in dormancy state in virulent environments. It is very successful in escaping the killing mechanisms of macrophage. Molybdenum (Mo) enzymes involve in the global carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles by catalyzing important redox reactions. There are several Mo enzymes in mycobacteria and they exert several important physiological functions, such as dormancy regulation, the metabolism of energy sources, and nitrogen source. Pterin-based Mo cofactor (Moco) is the common cofactor of the Mo enzymes in mycobacteria but the cofactor biosynthesis is nearly an untapped area. The present article discusses the physiological function of Mo enzymes and the structural feature of the genes coding for Moco biosynthesis enzymes in mycobacteria.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 0.1 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 1-5 μm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, <150 μm, 99.99% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, nanopowder, <100 nm particle size (TEM), 99.8% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis

Sigma-Aldrich

Molybdenum, powder, 10 μm, ≥99.95% trace metals basis

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.20mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.04mm, coil width 0.7mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.30mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.020mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.01mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.75mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%

Molybdenum, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.9%