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  • Lineage-Restricted Regulation of SCD and Fatty Acid Saturation by MITF Controls Melanoma Phenotypic Plasticity.

Lineage-Restricted Regulation of SCD and Fatty Acid Saturation by MITF Controls Melanoma Phenotypic Plasticity.

Molecular cell (2019-11-18)
Yurena Vivas-García, Paola Falletta, Jana Liebing, Pakavarin Louphrasitthiphol, Yongmei Feng, Jagat Chauhan, David A Scott, Nicole Glodde, Ana Chocarro-Calvo, Sarah Bonham, Andrei L Osterman, Roman Fischer, Ze'ev Ronai, Custodia García-Jiménez, Michael Hölzel, Colin R Goding
ABSTRACT

Phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity within tumors is a major barrier to effective cancer therapy. How metabolism is implicated in specific phenotypes and whether lineage-restricted mechanisms control key metabolic vulnerabilities remain poorly understood. In melanoma, downregulation of the lineage addiction oncogene microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a hallmark of the proliferative-to-invasive phenotype switch, although how MITF promotes proliferation and suppresses invasion is poorly defined. Here, we show that MITF is a lineage-restricted activator of the key lipogenic enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and that SCD is required for MITFHigh melanoma cell proliferation. By contrast MITFLow cells are insensitive to SCD inhibition. Significantly, the MITF-SCD axis suppresses metastasis, inflammatory signaling, and an ATF4-mediated feedback loop that maintains de-differentiation. Our results reveal that MITF is a lineage-specific regulator of metabolic reprogramming, whereby fatty acid composition is a driver of melanoma phenotype switching, and highlight that cell phenotype dictates the response to drugs targeting lipid metabolism.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Sigma-Aldrich
MISSION® esiRNA, targeting human SCD
Sigma-Aldrich
Sodium azide, ReagentPlus®, ≥99.5%
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Monoclonal ANTI-FLAG® M2 antibody produced in mouse, 1 mg/mL, clone M2, affinity isolated antibody, buffered aqueous solution (50% glycerol, 10 mM sodium phosphate, and 150 mM NaCl, pH 7.4)
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MISSION® esiRNA, targeting human MITF
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Anti-SCD antibody produced in rabbit, Prestige Antibodies® Powered by Atlas Antibodies, affinity isolated antibody, buffered aqueous glycerol solution
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DL-Cysteine, technical grade
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Oleic acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture
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L-Serine, from non-animal source, meets EP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%
Supelco
Supelco 37 Component FAME Mix, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, in dichloromethane (varied conc.), ampule of 1 mL