Seasonal trends of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide over North Santa Clara, Cuba.

Seasonal trends of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide over North Santa Clara, Cuba.

Environmental monitoring and assessment (2012-12-05)

Daniellys Alejo, Mayra C Morales, Jorge B de la Torre, Ricardo Grau, László Bencs, René Van Grieken, Piet Van Espen, Dismey Sosa, Vladimir Nuñez

PMID23208757

ABSTRACT

Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels were monitored simultaneously by means of Radiello passive samplers at six sites of Santa Clara city, Cuba, in the cold and the warm seasons in 2010. The dissolved ionic forms of NO2 and SO2 as nitrate and sulfite plus sulfate, respectively, were determined by means of ion chromatography. Analysis of NO2 as nitrite was also performed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. For NO2, significant t tests show good agreement between the results of IC and UV-Vis methods. The NO2 and SO2 concentrations peaked in the cold season, while their minimum levels were experienced in the warm season. The pollutant levels do not exceed the maximum allowable limit of the Cuban Standard 39:1999, i.e., 40 μg/m(3) and 50 μg/m(3) for NO2 and SO2, respectively. The lowest pollutant concentrations obtained in the warm season can be attributed to an increase in their removal via precipitation (scavenging) while to the decreased traffic density and industrial emission during the summer holidays (e.g., July and August).

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

RAD120

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, white, configured for general use, pk of 20

RAD127

radiello^™ On-Field Thermometer, Reader, pk of 1

RAD145S

radiello^™ BTEX/VOC Starter Kit, Thermal Desorption

RAD1201

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, blue, configured for sampling light sensitive compounds, pk of 20

RAD171

Supelco

radiello^™ Methylene Blue Calibration Standard for H₂S (Hydrogen Sulfide), pkg of 100 mL

RAD130S

radiello^™ BTEX/VOC Starter Kit, CS2 Desorption

RAD302

Supelco

radiello^™ Aldehyde Calibration Standard, 50 μg/mL each component in acetonitrile, pkg of 10 mL

RAD1202

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, yellow, configured for reduced sampling rates, pk of 20

RAD405

Supelco

radiello^™ BTEX Calibration Kit (CS₂ Desorption)

RAD1203

radiello^™ Diffusive Bodies, permeative, configured for anaesthetic gases and vapors, pk of 20

RAD1992

radiello^™ Empty Storage Tubes, polypropylene (with stopper), volume 12 mL, pk of 100

RAD407

Supelco

radiello^™ BTEX Calibration Kit (Thermal Desorption)

RAD195

radiello^™ Clips, suspending Radiello triangular support plate, pk of 20

RAD126

radiello^™ On-Field Thermometer, Includes one standard Radiello vertical adapter (RAD122) for each thermometer, configured for standard use, pk of 3

RAD141S

radiello^™ 1,3-Butadiene Starter Kit, Thermal Desorption, pkg of 1 kit (2 RAD141 adsorbing cartridges and barcode labels, 1 RAD1202 yellow diffusive body, 1 RAD121 triangular support plate, 1 instruction sheet)

RAD170S

radiello^™ Hydrogen Sulfide Starter Kit

RAD1991

radiello^™ Empty Storage Tubes, glass (with stopper), volume 2.8 mL, pk of 100

RAD174

radiello^™ Filtration Kit, pk of 20

RAD145

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling BTEX and VOCs (thermal desorption), matrix SS net (3 x 8 μm, 4.8 mm diam.), Carbograph, pk of 20

RAD121

radiello^™ Triangular Support Plate, pk of 20

RAD122

radiello^™ Vertical Adapter, threaded for standard use, pk of 20

RAD190

radiello^™ Barcode Labels, pk of 198

RAD125

radiello^™ Anesthetic Gases and Vapor Sampler

RAD132

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Anaesthetic Gases/Vapors, matrix SS net with mix of mol sieve and activated charcoal (30-50 mesh), pk of 20

RAD198

radiello^™ Replacement Mounting Strips, for use with Radiello Outdoor Shelter, pk of 100

RAD196

radiello^™ Outdoor Shelter, pk of 10

RAD168

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Ammonia (NH₃), matrix microporous PE impregnated with phosphoric acid, pk of 20

RAD130

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling BTEX and VOCs (CS₂ Desorption), matrix SS net (100 mesh, 5.8 mm diam.), activated with activated charcoal (30-50 mesh), pk of 20

RAD165

radiello^™ Cartridge Adsorbents, for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL^®, pk of 20