Ultraviolet photofunctionalization of titanium implants.

Ultraviolet photofunctionalization of titanium implants.

The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants (2014-01-24)

Takahiro Ogawa

ABSTRACT

In the face of growing demands and challenges in implant therapy, implant surfaces with improved biologic capabilities are required. This review paper summarizes the findings of recent in vitro and in vivo studies related to ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization of titanium. UV photofunctionalization is defined as an overall phenomenon of modification of titanium surfaces occuring after UV treatment, including the alteration of physicochemical properties and the enhancement of biologic capabilities. Bone morphogenesis around UV-treated titanium implants is distinctly improved compared with that seen around untreated control implants, leading to rapid and complete establishment of osseointegration with nearly 100% bone-to-implant contact in an animal model, as opposed to less than 55% for untreated implants. A series of in vitro studies demonstrated considerable enhancement of attachment, retention, and subsequent functional cascades of osteogenic cells derived from animals and humans after UV treatment. UV treatment converts titanium surfaces from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic and removes unavoidably contaminated hydrocarbons. UV-treated titanium surfaces also manifest a unique electrostatic status and act as direct cell attractants without the aid of ionic and organic bridges, which imparts a novel physicochemical functionality to titanium, which has long been understood as a bioinert material. UV treatment is simple and low in cost, and it has been proven effective for all types of titanium surfaces tested. These data suggest that UV photofunctionalization can be a novel, effective measure to improve implant therapy in the dental and orthopedic fields. Future research will focus on validating these findings in clinical studies.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

348848

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis

266035

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis

IRMM531C

Titanium, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm wire

IRMM531B

Titanium, IRMM^®, certified reference material, 0.5 mm foil

460400

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

305812

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, 5-10 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis (purity exclusive of Na and K content)

369489

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, foil, thickness 2.0 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

348791

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, foil, thickness 0.127 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

267902

Sigma-Aldrich

Titanium, wire, diam. 0.81 mm, 99.7% trace metals basis

GF05925281

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1μm, specific density 42.8μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF76772391

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 10mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF85496664

Titanium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 9.5mm, inside diameter 8.2mm, wall thickness 0.65mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF52551222

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 112.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF65515024

Titanium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 10.9mm, wall thickness 0.9mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF87716997

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF65336700

Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 2mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF49264713

Titanium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 1.6mm, inside diameter 1.2mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, hard, 99.6+%

GF06082286

Titanium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 1.0μm, specific density 429μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF58567067

Titanium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF62676759

Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 2mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

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Titanium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 5.53mm, wall thickness 0.41mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 6.1mm, inside diameter 5.1mm, wall thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 3.0mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, microfoil, disks, 25mm, thinness 0.25μm, specific density 112.6μg/cm², permanent mylar 3.5μm support, 99.6+%

GF65694426

Titanium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 1.6mm, inside diameter 1.2mm, wall thickness 0.2mm, hard, 99.6+%

GF25479333

Titanium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF00761217

Titanium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF51690663

Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF31085760

Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF29584187

Titanium, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.03mm, inside diameter 1.55mm, wall thickness 0.24mm, annealed, 99.6+%