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  • Evaluation of the leucine incorporation technique for detection of pollution-induced community tolerance to copper in a long-term agricultural field trial with urban waste fertilizers.

Evaluation of the leucine incorporation technique for detection of pollution-induced community tolerance to copper in a long-term agricultural field trial with urban waste fertilizers.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2014-08-06)
Jonas Duus Stevens Lekfeldt, Jakob Magid, Peter E Holm, Ole Nybroe, Kristian Koefoed Brandt
ABSTRACT

Copper (Cu) is known to accumulate in agricultural soils receiving urban waste products as fertilizers. We here report the use of the leucine incorporation technique to determine pollution-induced community tolerance (Leu-PICT) to Cu in a long-term agricultural field trial. A significantly increased bacterial community tolerance to Cu was observed for soils amended with organic waste fertilizers and was positively correlated with total soil Cu. However, metal speciation and whole-cell bacterial biosensor analysis demonstrated that the observed PICT responses could be explained entirely by Cu speciation and bioavailability artifacts during Leu-PICT detection. Hence, the agricultural application of urban wastes (sewage sludge or composted municipal waste) simulating more than 100 years of use did not result in sufficient accumulation of Cu to select for Cu resistance. Our findings also have implications for previously published PICT field studies and demonstrate that stringent PICT detection criteria are needed for field identification of specific toxicants.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
L-Leucine, certified reference material, TraceCERT®, Manufactured by: Sigma-Aldrich Production GmbH, Switzerland
Supelco
L-Leucine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Leucine, reagent grade, ≥98% (HPLC)
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Copper, foil, ≥99.8% (complexometric)
Sigma-Aldrich
L-Leucine, from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-101.0%
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Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, ≥99.99% trace metals basis
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L-Leucine, BioUltra, ≥99.5% (NT)
Continuous cast copper (O), BCR®, certified reference material, rod
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Copper, foil, thickness 1.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
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Copper, beads, 2-8 mm, 99.9995% trace metals basis
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L-Leucine, 99%, FG
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Copper, wire, diam. 0.25 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
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Copper, powder, <75 μm, 99%
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Copper, foil, thickness 0.025 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis
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Copper, foil, thickness 0.5 mm, 99.98% trace metals basis
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Copper, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, ≥99.9%
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Copper, turnings, purum p.a., ≥99.0%
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Copper, wire, diam. 0.64 mm, 99.995% trace metals basis
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Copper, wire, diam. 2.0 mm, 99.999% trace metals basis
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 6mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, half hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, annealed, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., rod, 100mm, diameter 25.4mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., rod, 500mm, diameter 16mm, as drawn, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., rod, 200mm, diameter 25.4mm, as drawn, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., rod, 200mm, diameter 12.7mm, as drawn, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.075mm, half hard, 99.95+%