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  • Evaluation of the leucine incorporation technique for detection of pollution-induced community tolerance to copper in a long-term agricultural field trial with urban waste fertilizers.

Evaluation of the leucine incorporation technique for detection of pollution-induced community tolerance to copper in a long-term agricultural field trial with urban waste fertilizers.

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) (2014-08-06)
Jonas Duus Stevens Lekfeldt, Jakob Magid, Peter E Holm, Ole Nybroe, Kristian Koefoed Brandt
ABSTRACT

Copper (Cu) is known to accumulate in agricultural soils receiving urban waste products as fertilizers. We here report the use of the leucine incorporation technique to determine pollution-induced community tolerance (Leu-PICT) to Cu in a long-term agricultural field trial. A significantly increased bacterial community tolerance to Cu was observed for soils amended with organic waste fertilizers and was positively correlated with total soil Cu. However, metal speciation and whole-cell bacterial biosensor analysis demonstrated that the observed PICT responses could be explained entirely by Cu speciation and bioavailability artifacts during Leu-PICT detection. Hence, the agricultural application of urban wastes (sewage sludge or composted municipal waste) simulating more than 100 years of use did not result in sufficient accumulation of Cu to select for Cu resistance. Our findings also have implications for previously published PICT field studies and demonstrate that stringent PICT detection criteria are needed for field identification of specific toxicants.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Copper, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 20m coil, thickness 0.010mm, coil width 25mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 1.0mm, inside diameter 0.24mm, wall thickness 0.38mm, as drawn, 99.9%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 50mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, half hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.025mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 300x300mm, thickness, 0.5mm, half hard, flattened, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, half hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 20m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 10mm, annealed, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.010mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.010mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 15mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, half hard, 99.95+%
Copper, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 6.0mm, inside diameter 4mm, wall thickness 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.9%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.1mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10mm disks, thickness 1.0mm, half hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 2m coil, thickness 0.20mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.1mm, half hard, 99.95+%
Copper, tube, 500mm, outside diameter 2.5mm, inside diameter 1.9mm, wall thickness 0.3mm, as drawn, 99.9%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.05mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 1m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 10mm, annealed, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.025mm, as drawn, 99.99+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 5m coil, thickness 0.05mm, coil width 300mm, half hard, 99.95+%
Copper - O.F.H.C., foil, 10m coil, thickness 0.125mm, hard, 99.95+%
Copper, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.999%