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Merck

Enhancement of the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides by alpha-tocopherol and other cholesterol derivates.

Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (2014-12-03)
Jacqueline C Andrade, Maria Flaviana B Morais-Braga, Glaucia M M Guedes, Saulo R Tintino, Maria A Freitas, Irwin R A Menezes, Henrique D M Coutinho
RESUMEN

Alpha-tocopherol, one of the most abundant isoforms of vitamin E, is a biologically active liposoluble vitamin and potent antioxidant. It occurs naturally in foods of plant and animal origin. Because of its lipophilic character, it can cause perturbations in the bacterial cell membrane, resulting in damage to components essential for the integrity of the membrane, thereby allowing an increase in permeability. This is the first report of the modulatory effect of alpha-tocopherol in multiresistant bacteria. We evaluated alpha-tocopherol against multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and determined if there was any similarity with the mechanism of modulatory action of cholesterol and ergosterol. When combined with aminoglycosides in a microdilution broth assay, alpha-tocopherol possibly acted through a lipophilic action on the cell envelope, modulating more effectively P. aeruginosa and E. coli, when compared with S. aureus.

MATERIALES
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Sigma-Aldrich
Colesterol, Sigma Grade, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
(±)-α-Tocoferol, synthetic, ≥96% (HPLC)
Sigma-Aldrich
Colesterol, powder, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, ≥99%
Sigma-Aldrich
(±)-α-Tocoferol, ≥95.5%
Supelco
(±)-α-Tocoferol, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Colesterol, from sheep wool, ≥92.5% (GC), powder
Supelco
(±)-α-Tocoferol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
USP
(±)-α-Tocoferol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
SyntheChol® NS0 Supplement, 500 ×, synthetic cholesterol, animal component-free, aqueous solution, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture
SAFC
Colesterol, derivado vegetal, SyntheChol®
Supelco
Cholesterol solution, certified reference material, 10 mg/mL in chloroform
Sigma-Aldrich
(+)-α-Tocopherol, from vegetable oil, Type V, ~1000 IU/g
Sigma-Aldrich
Ergosterol, ≥75%
Sigma-Aldrich
(+)-α-Tocopherol, Type VI, from vegetable oil, liquid (≥0.88M based on potency, density and molecular wt.), BioReagent, suitable for insect cell culture, ≥1000 IU/g
Supelco
Colesterol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
USP
Amikacin, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Colesterol, from lanolin, ≥99.0% (GC)
(±)-α-Tocoferol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sigma-Aldrich
(±)-α-Tocoferol, tested according to Ph. Eur.
Supelco
Ergosterol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Sigma-Aldrich
Colesterol, tested according to Ph. Eur.
SAFC
Colesterol, from sheep wool, Controlled origin, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Ergosterol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Amikacin, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard