Effects of pH and elevated glucose levels on the electrochemical behavior of dental implants.

Effects of pH and elevated glucose levels on the electrochemical behavior of dental implants.

The Journal of oral implantology (2014-05-02)

Evsen Tamam, Ilser Turkyilmaz

ABSTRACT

Implant failure is more likely to occur in persons with medically compromising systemic conditions, such as diabetes related to high blood glucose levels and inflammatory diseases related to pH levels lower than those in healthy people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lower pH level and simulated- hyperglycemia on implant corrosion as these effects are critical to biocompatibility and osseointegration. The electrochemical corrosion properties of titanium implants were studied in four different solutions: Ringer's physiological solution at pH = 7.0 and pH = 5.5 and Ringer's physiological solution containing 15 mM dextrose at pH = 7 and pH = 5.5. Corrosion behaviors of dental implants were determined by cyclic polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Surface alterations were studied using a scanning electron microscope. All test electrolytes led to apparent differences in corrosion behavior of the implants. The implants under conditions of test exhibited statistically significant increases in I(corr) from 0.2372 to 1.007 μAcm(-2), corrosion rates from 1.904 to 8.085 mpy, and a decrease in polarization resistances from 304 to 74 Ω. Implants in dextrose-containing solutions were more prone to corrosion than those in Ringer's solutions alone. Increasing the acidity also yielded greater corrosion rates for the dextrose-containing solutions and the solutions without dextrose.

MATERIALS

Product Number

Brand

Product Description

GF51690663

Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

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Titanium, wire reel, 20m, diameter 0.05mm, hard, 99.8%

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Titanium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF34996685

Titanium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.125mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, wire reel, 5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

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Titanium, wire reel, 200m, diameter 0.25mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.20mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, wire, straight, 1000mm, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF55775975

Titanium, wire reel, 25m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.6+%

GF56868766

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GF28411703

Titanium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 10.3mm, inside diameter 8.7mm, wall thickness 0.8mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF72212813

Titanium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 25.4mm, inside diameter 23.62mm, wall thickness 0.89mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, tube, 100mm, outside diameter 2.03mm, inside diameter 1.55mm, wall thickness 0.24mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 8.0mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

GF35061083

Titanium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 5.53mm, wall thickness 0.41mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF25290581

Titanium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 25.4mm, inside diameter 23.62mm, wall thickness 0.89mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF32270015

Titanium, tube, 200mm, outside diameter 2.03mm, inside diameter 1.55mm, wall thickness 0.24mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, rod, 500mm, diameter 6mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, rod, 490mm, diameter 2mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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GF32801251

Titanium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 1.05mm, inside diameter 0.75mm, wall thickness 0.15mm, annealed, 99.6+%

GF82517722

Titanium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 6.35mm, inside diameter 4.57mm, wall thickness 0.89mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, rod, 200mm, diameter 5mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, tube, 1000mm, outside diameter 12.7mm, inside diameter 10.9mm, wall thickness 0.9mm, annealed, 99.6+%

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Titanium, rod, 50mm, diameter 20mm, as drawn, 99.99+%

47249

Supelco

D-(+)-Glucose, analytical standard

608203

Sigma-Aldrich

D-Glucose-¹²C₆, ¹⁶O₆, 99.9 atom % ¹⁶O, 99.9 atom % ¹²C

GF46132534

Titanium, wire reel, 100m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 99.6+%