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  • Sulfadiazine crystalluria revisited. The treatment of Toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Sulfadiazine crystalluria revisited. The treatment of Toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Archives of internal medicine (1990-11-01)
D I Simon, F C Brosius, D M Rothstein
ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis is an important opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, estimated to occur in 20,000 to 40,000 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States by 1991. The combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine is regarded as the treatment of choice. Acute renal failure due to crystal deposition in the urinary tract was well described 30 to 40 years ago and is likely to resurface as a clinical entity if appropriate prophylactic measures are not taken. We describe two cases of sulfadiazine-induced crystalluria and renal failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, review the pertinent literature, and discuss the pathogenesis. Recommendations are made for the prophylaxis and treatment of sulfadiazine-related renal toxic reaction. Physicians using this "new" drug must be aware of the potential danger of sulfonamide-induced injury to the urinary tract.

MATERIALS
Product Number
Brand
Product Description

Supelco
Sulfadiazine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Supelco
Sulfadiazine, VETRANAL®, analytical standard
Sigma-Aldrich
Sulfadiazine, 99.0-101.0%
Sulfadiazine for identification of impurity F, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sulfadiazine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
USP
Sulfadiazine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard