Effect of hypoxia on human equilibrative nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hENT2 in breast cancer.

Elevated proliferation rates in cancer can be visualized with positron emission tomography (PET) using 3'-deoxy-3'-l-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT). This study investigates whether [18F]FLT transport proteins are regulated through hypoxia. Expression and function of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter (hENT)-1, hENT2, and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) were studied under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and assessed with [18F]FLT-PET in estrogen receptor positive (ER+)-MCF7, triple-negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer (BC) cells, and MCF10A cells (human mammary epithelial cells). Functional involvement of hENT2 [18F]FLT transport was demonstrated in all cell lines. In vitro [18F]FLT uptake was higher in MDA-MB231 than in MCF7: 242 ± 9 vs. 147 ± 18% radioactivity/mg protein after 60 min under normoxia. Hypoxia showed no significant change in radiotracer uptake. Protein analysis revealed increased hENT1 (P < 0.0963) in MDA-MB231. Hypoxia did not change expression of either hENT1, hENT2, or TK1. In vitro inhibition experiments suggested involvement of hENT1, hENT2, and human concentrative nucleoside transporters during [18F]FLT uptake into all cell lines. In vivo PET imaging revealed comparable tumor uptake in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 tumors over 60 min, reaching standardized uptake values of 0.96 ± 0.05 vs. 0.89 ± 0.08 (n = 3). Higher hENT1 expression in MDA-MB231 seems to drive nucleoside transport, whereas TK1 expression in MCF7 seems responsible for comparable [18F]FLT retention in ER+ tumors. Our study demonstrates that hypoxia does not significantly affect nucleoside transport as tested with [18F]FLT in BC.-Krys, D., Hamann, I., Wuest, M., Wuest, F. Effect of hypoxia on human equilibrative nucleoside transporters hENT1 and hENT2 in breast cancer.