So-called anti-irritants (AI) are widely used in cosmetic formulations, with the aim of reducing irritation from substances in the formulation. It may also be claimed that they are 'soothing' and 'healing' ingredients. However, the proof for these claims is circumstantial.
To assess interlaboratory variability in the measurement of skin electrical impedance (IMP), we evaluated irritant reactions to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) (2%) and nonanoic acid (NAA) (40%) in 2 laboratories. We studied the patch test responses in 40 healthy male
The term 'anti-irritant' (AI) was coined in 1965 by Goldemberg to describe a diverse group of topical product ingredients, which were able to reduce the irritation potential of other more irritating ingredients in the same product. 'AIs' are being added
The Journal of investigative dermatology, 130(9), 2201-2210 (2010-04-30)
The pathogenesis of irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is poorly understood, and genes participating in the epidermal response to chemical irritants are only partly known. It is commonly accepted that different irritants have different mechanisms of action in the development of
Journal of biotechnology, 143(4), 262-267 (2009-07-28)
Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (MCL-PHAs) were produced in carbon-limited, single-stage, fed-batch fermentations of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 by co-feeding nonanoic acid (NA) and glucose (G) to enhance the yield of PHA from NA. An exponential (mu=0.25 h(-1)) followed by a linear feeding strategy
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